Questions: LEARNING

Rafael Lopez

Ivan Pavlov:
1. What was Pavlov actually studying when he developed his theory of classical conditioning?

He was studying the digestive system of mammals. http://nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html

2. Explain (in detail) how Pavlov's experiment was conducted.

Pavlov would measure the saliva the dog put out when seeing the food and hearing the bell. http://nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html

3. Identify the conditioned stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned response from Pavlov's experiment.

The conditioned stimulus is the bell the unconditioned the food, and  the response was how the dog salivated whenever he would hear a bell. http://nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html

4. Explain what extinction means in relation to classical conditioning.

When the response due to the conditioning become lesser or disappears. http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/classcondbasics.htm

5. Explain what stimulus generalization means in relation to classical conditioning.

To give similar responses when the response has been conditioned. http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/classcondbasics.htm

6. Explain what stimulus discrimination means in relation to classical conditioning.

To be able detect the diference between one stimuli and the other stimuli. http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/classcondbasics.htm

7. Explain at least two limitations of this experiment.

1.these are dogs not humans, this could be different on humans

2. dogs can salivate when doing any types of efforts

8. Explain what Pavlov theorized about how we learn.

He stated with his experiment that we learn threw classical conditioning. That we will give a response when we relate to things together.

John B. Watson:
1. Explain (in detail) how Watson's "Little Albert" study was conducted.

When Watson was about 9 months old J.B. Watson started conducting an experiment with him. He started putting in front of him rabbits, dogs,…mice. The white rat that was put next to Little Albert and at first the reponse little albert gave was good toward the white rat, But Jb Watson would start to hit a metal pipe with a hammer, so that the child would get scared. After a while Little Albert started paring those two thing together not only that but he would also pair that response to other things that were white and furry. http://psychology.about.com/od/classicpsychologystudies/a/little-albert-experiment.htm

2. Identify the conditioned stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned response from Watson's study

Unconditioned Stimulus was the loud noise, The conditioned stimulus was the white rat, the conditioned response was the fear little Albert had. http://psychology.about.com/od/classicpsychologystudies/a/little-albert-experiment.htm

3. Explain at least two limitations of this study.

1.This was unethical

2. this was tested on a baby, yet this might not work on adults.

4. Explain Watson's law of frequency.

"The more frequent a stimulus and response to occur in association with each other, the stronger that habit will become."John Watson

The more and more you do something with another thing the more you will relate them, this is able to aply on everthing during yourlife. For example you fall of the bike several times and people have a sad reponse when you fall, you eventually never want to even near a bike. http://teachnet.edb.utexas.edu/~Lynda_abbot/Behaviorism.html

5. Explain Watson's law of recency.

"The response that has most recently occurred after a particular stimulus is the response most likely to be associated with that stimulus."John Watson

The more recent this behavior happens the most likely it will still have a response to the stimuli. http://teachnet.edb.utexas.edu/~Lynda_abbot/Behaviorism.html

6. Explain the basic assumptions of behaviorism according to Watson.

John Watson says everything basically depends on the environment.

Rafael Lopez

Bibliography

“Bhaviorism” http://www.personal.psu.edu/wxh139/bahavior.htm . Nov.19,2010

“Definition and perspectives on learning” http://teachnet.edb.utexas.edu/~Lynda_abbot/Behaviorism.html .Nov.19,2010

“Little albert experiment” http://psychology.about.com/od/classicpsychologystudies/a/little-albert-experiment.htm  .Nov,19

“Principle of Classical conditioning” http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/classcondbasics.htm .Nov.19,2010

“Ivan Pavlov Experiment” http://nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html .Nov.19,2010

SLEEP

SUMMARIZED BY RAFAEL LOPEZ

Being A Night Owl In High School Is Linked With Lower College GPA Summary

Research has proven that people that don’t sleep adequately tend to have lower GPA in the transition. The Associated professional sleep societies came up with this research project. The method of this project was that they checked GPAs of people who were in the transition from high school to college. They researched and concluded that evening types (someone who feels better doing their work later during the day) had a lower GPA than the morning types and the intermediate types. The article is very detailed on the results although they do not specify how they get these results; which schools do they use to get these conclusions. The true meaning of this article is to make the youth reflect and start doing their work earlier and that way get more time to sleep

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090609072813.h

http://www.stressmarket.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/1501night_owl_1.jpg

Delayed School Start Time Associated With Improvements in

Adolescent Behaviors Summary

This research has concluded that students that start later in the day have more motivation to work. The people involved with this research project were Judith A. Owens, M.D., M.P.H of the Hasbro Children’s Hospital. The method of this research project was that they studied 201 students in grades 9 to 12. Class start time was delayed 30 min. The students were asked to complete a sleep habits survey before and after school time. Children with the 30 min delay had a more positive response to the survey, were more motivated. My opinion on this result is that surely a student truly appreciates some more time to sleep. Usually a student does not have enough time to sleep and feel unsatisfied with his/her sleeping time, any additional time given to him he will use it to motivate himself during the day.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100705190532.htm

http://sleepnosleep.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/student-sleep.jpg

Why Does Lack of Sleep Affect Us Differently? Study Hints It May Be in Our Genes

Research has shown that people can be affected by a gene to become narcoleptic. It also shows that people can develop narcolepsy but it is less likely. This research project was published by the print issue neurology but does not specify who were the ones involved with the research project. The method of this research project was that they got 92 healthy adults and 37 adults who have sleep disorders, the people who participated where only aloud to sleep 4 hours, both sides of participant had the same response to day activities. My opinion is that this research project does show curious characteristics of both sleep depraved people and healthy people.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101025161023.htm

http://www.sleepdisordersclinic.in/images/sleepymanNarcolepsyG1405_468x308.jpg